Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā kumukūʻai pākaukau Lithium-ion. ʻO ke kumu ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ʻo nā mea waiwai.
Hoʻolauna
ʻO kēia kahi pākaukau rechargeable kahi e hana ai ka lithium-ion i ka mana. ʻO ka pākaukau lithium-ion he mau electrodes maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi. ʻO kēia kahi pākaukau e hoʻouka hou ʻia kahi e hele ai nā ion lithium mai ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole i nā electrodes maikaʻi ma o ka electrolyte. Hele ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i mua a i hope i ke kau ʻana. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā mea hana i nā kelepona lithium-ion (Li-ion), me nā hāmeʻa, nā pāʻani, nā headphone Bluetooth, nā mea kani uila, nā pono liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui, nā kaʻa uila, a me ka electrochemical.mālama ikehunā mea hana. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino a me ke kaiapuni inā ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia i ka hopena o ko lākou ola.
Auana
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā koi o ka mākeke no nā pākahi Li-ion hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hapa nui o ko lākou "mana ikaika." ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu e paʻa ai kahi ʻōnaehana i kekahi helu o nā hakahaka i kapa ʻia ʻo ia "kona ikehu." ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka nui like o ka uila,nā pākahi lithiumʻoi aku ka lahilahi a me ka māmā ma mua o kekahi mau ʻano pākaukau ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia hoʻohaʻahaʻa i hoʻonui i ka ʻae ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea lawe liʻiliʻi a me nā mea uila.
Hoʻonui ʻia ke kumu kūʻai o ka pākaukau
Ua piʻi nui nā kumukūʻai o nā mea o ka Lithium-ion.
ʻOiai ke hāʻule nei ke kumukūʻai o nā pila mai ka makahiki 2010, ʻo ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā metala kelepona nui e like me ka lithium ua hoʻokau kānalua i ko lākou lōʻihi. Pehea e ulu ai nā kumukūʻai pākaukau EV i ka wā e hiki mai ana? ʻO ke kumukūʻai onā pākahi lithium-ionhiki ke piʻi aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai ʻaʻole ia he mea hou.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka noiʻi mua e kuhikuhi i ka hemahema o ka waiwai ma ke ʻano he mea hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kumu kūʻai pākaukau. Ua ʻike nā puke ʻē aʻe i ka nickel ma ke ʻano he hemahema, ʻaʻole pono nā cell āpau.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka BNEF, ua hoʻopiʻi nā hopohopo hoʻolako i nā kumukūʻai o nā kumu waiwai no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.lithium hao phosphate(LFP), ka mea i makemake nui ʻia e nā mea hana nui Kina a me nā mea hana pākaukau a ke kākoʻo ʻia nei e Tesla. Wahi a ka noiʻi, ua hoʻonui nā mea hana kelepona LFP Kina i kā lākou kumukūʻai e 10% a 20% mai Kepakemapa.
ʻEhia ke kumu kūʻai o ke kelepona paʻa uila Lithium-Ion?
E hoʻokaʻawale mākou i ke kumukūʻai o ke kumu kūʻai o ke kelepona pākaukau lithium-ion. Wahi a BloombergNEF statistics, ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai o ka cathode o kēlā me kēia cell no ka hapalua o ke kumukūʻai kelepona.
| V Pūnaehana Pūnaewele | % o ke Kumukuai Cell |
| Cathode | 51% |
| Hale a me nā mea ʻē aʻe | 3% |
| Electrolyte | 4% |
| Mea hoʻokaʻawale | 7% |
| Ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻemi ʻana | 24% |
| Anode | 11% |
Mai ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai pākaukau lithium-ion, ua ʻike mākou ʻo ka cathode ka mea waiwai loa. Loaʻa iā 51% o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa i ka cathode kahi electrode uku maikaʻi. Ke hoʻokahe ka hāmeʻa i ka pākaukau, hele nā electron a me nā ion lithium mai ka anode i ka cathode. Noho lākou ma laila a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ka pākaukau. ʻO nā Cathodes ka mea nui loa o nā pila. Hoʻopilikia ikaika ia i ka laulā, ka hana a me ka palekana wela o nā pā. No laila, he pākahi EV kēia.
Aia i loko o ke kelepona nā metala like ʻole. No ka laʻana, aia ka nickel a me ka lithium. I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā haku cathode maʻamau:
Ke koi nui nei nā mea pākaukau i loko o ka cathode, me nā mea hana e like me Tesla e ʻimi nei e kiʻi i nā mea e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o EV. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā waiwai i loko o ka cathode, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻāpana kelepona ʻē aʻe, e hana ma kahi o 40% o ke kumukūʻai cell cell.
Na Kumukuai o na Mea E ae o ka Battery Lithium-Ion
ʻO ke koena he 49 pakeneka o ke kumukūʻai o ke kelepona he mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka cathode. ʻO ke kaʻina hana, e komo pū ana me ka hana ʻana i nā electrodes, ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke kelepona, ʻo ia ka 24% o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka anode kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā pila, ʻo ia ka 12% o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa-ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka hapa o ka cathode. Aia ka anode o ka cell Li-ion i ka graphite organik a i ole ia, he emi ke kumu kuai ma mua o na mea pila.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā kumu kūʻai maka e hōʻike ana e piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai o nā pūʻulu maʻamau i 5/kWh ma nā huaʻōlelo nominal ma 2022. Inā ʻaʻole nā holomua o waho e hōʻemi i kēia hopena, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka manawa e hāʻule ai nā kumukūʻai ma lalo o 0/kWh e 2 makahiki. He hopena kēia i ka hiki ke kūʻai aku i ka EV a me ka loaʻa kālā o ka mea hana, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā hoʻonohonoho mālama ikehu.
ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻopukapuka R&D, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hiki ma ka pūnaewele hoʻolaha, e kōkua i ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana pākaukau a me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana. Manaʻo ʻo BloombergNEF i nā hana hou o ka hanauna hou e like me ka silicon a me ka lithium-based anodes, solid-state chemistries, a me ka cathode substance a me nā ʻenehana hana cell e hana nui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kēia mau kumukūʻai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-09-2022