ʻAʻole pili i ka hana, ke kumukūʻai a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo palekana, ʻo nā pākaukau rechargeable all-solid-state ka koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻololi i ka ikehu fossil a ʻike hope i ke ala i nā kaʻa ikehu hou.
E like me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i nā mea cathode e like me LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 a me LiFePO4, ua kaulana ʻo Goodenough ma ke kahua onā pākahi lithium-iona ʻo ia ka "makuakane o nā pā lithium-ion".
Ma kahi ʻatikala i hala aku nei ma NatureElectronics, ʻo John B. Goodenough, ʻo ia ʻo 96 mau makahiki, e nānā i ka mōʻaukala o ka mea i ʻike ʻia o ka pā lithium-ion rechargeable a hōʻike i ke ala i mua.
I ka makahiki 1970, ua hū ka pilikia aila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.I ka ʻike ʻana i kona hilinaʻi nui ʻana i ka ʻaila i lawe ʻia mai, ua hoʻomaka ke aupuni i ka hoʻoikaika nui e hoʻomohala i ka ikehu lā a me ka makani.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lā a me ka makani makani.nā pākaukau hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻiaua pono e mālama i kēia mau kumu ikehu hou a maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ke kī i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ʻo ka reversibility o ka hopena kemika!
I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā pākahi i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka lithium negative electrodes a me nā electrolytes organik.I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā ʻaʻa pākahi i hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, hoʻomaka nā mea a pau e hana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ion lithium i loko o nā cathodes metala sulfide.Ua ʻike ʻo Stanley Whittingham o ExxonMobil e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma ke kemika intercalation me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka TiS2 layered ma ke ʻano he cathode, me ka huahana hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo LiTiS2.
ʻO kēia keena, i hoʻomohala ʻia e Whittingham i ka makahiki 1976, ua loaʻa i ka hana mua maikaʻi.Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lithium dendrites i loko o ke kelepona, i ulu aʻe mai ka maikaʻi ʻole i ka electrode maikaʻi, e hana ana i kahi kaapuni pōkole e hiki ke puhi i ka electrolyte.ʻO kēia ho'āʻo hou, ua pau i ka hāʻule!
I kēia manawa, e noiʻi ana ʻo Goodenough, ka mea i neʻe i Oxford, i ka nui o ka lithium i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai nā mea liʻiliʻi LiCoO2 a me LiNiO2 cathode ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hale.I ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka reversible de-embedding o ka hapalua o ka lithium mai ka mea cathode.
Ua alakaʻi kēia noiʻi iā Akira Yoshino o AsahiKasei e hoʻomākaukau i ka muapākaukau lithium-ion hiki ke hoʻouka hou: LiCoO2 e like me ka electrode maikaʻi a me ka carbon graphitic e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole.Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia pākaukau ma nā kelepona kelepona mua loa o Sony.
I mea e hōʻemi ai i ke kumukūʻai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana.ʻO ka pākaukau paʻa paʻa paʻa me ka paʻa e like me ka electrolyte me he ala nui ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1960, ua hana nā mea kemika ʻEulopa i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ion lithium i loko o nā mea metala sulfide.I kēlā manawa, ʻo nā electrolytes maʻamau no nā ʻenekini rechargeable ka nui o ka waikawa acidic a me ka alkaline aqueous electrolytes e like me H2SO4 a i ʻole KOH.No ka mea, i loko o kēia mau electrolytes wai, H+ ka diffusivity maikaʻi.
I kēlā manawa, ua hana ʻia nā ʻeke paʻa paʻa me ka NiOOH i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka mea cathode a me kahi electrolyte wai alkaline ikaika e like me ka electrolyte.Hiki ke hoʻopili hou ʻia ka h+ i loko o ka cathode NiOOH i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i ka Ni(OH)2.ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ka aqueous electrolyte i kaupalena ʻia ka volta o ka pākaukau, ka hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu.
I ka makahiki 1967, ua ʻike ʻo Joseph Kummer lāua ʻo NeillWeber o Ford Motor Company he mau waiwai diffusion maikaʻi ʻo Na+ i nā electrolytes ceramic ma luna o 300°C.A laila, hana lākou i ka pā uila Na-S: ʻo ka sodium i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a me ka sulfur hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loaʻa nā kaula kalapona ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi.ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu lākou i ka pā uila Na-S: ʻo ka sodium molten e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ka sulfur i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pahu kalapona e like me ka electrode maikaʻi, a me kahi ceramic paʻa e like me ka electrolyte.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mahana hana o 300 ° C i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i kēia pākaukau i hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku.
I ka makahiki 1986, ua ʻike ʻo Goodenough i kahi pākahi lithium hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hana dendrite me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā NASICON.I kēia manawa, ua kūʻai kūʻai ʻia nā pākahi lithium a me ka sodium paʻa paʻa paʻa a pau e pili ana i nā electrolytes solid-state e like me NASICON.
Ma 2015, ua hōʻike pū ʻo MariaHelena Braga o ke Kulanui o Porto i kahi insulating porous oxide solid electrolyte me ka lithium a me ka sodium ion conductivity e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā electrolytes organik i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pā lithium-ion.
I ka pōkole, me ka nānā ʻole i ka hana, ke kumukūʻai a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka palekana, ʻo nā ʻokoʻa paʻa paʻa i hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ke koho maikaʻi loa e hoʻololi i ka ikehu fossil a ʻike hope i ke ala i nā kaʻa ikehu hou!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-25-2022